Machines/5 min exploration

Inside a rotary engine

How does a turning rotor make room for an engine’s four events?

Follow face A. The space beside it grows, shrinks, then grows and shrinks again as the rotor travels around the housing. Fixed openings connect that moving chamber to intake and exhaust. Open the cutaway, turn the shaft, and watch where the chamber goes—not just which way the rotor points.

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The chamber travels with a rotor face. Its changing size and its position beside fixed ports create the sequence; one complete circuit takes three shaft turns.

Why does face A’s chamber connect to different ports during one circuit?

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How the parts work together

  1. Make room beside the intake

    At 180°, face A bounds a growing chamber connected to the intake opening. Keep watching A as you turn the shaft: the opening stays put while the chamber moves past it.

  2. Close the opening, shrink the space

    At 540°, A is clear of both ports and its chamber is shrinking. A trapped charge would be compressed here. The size readout describes geometry; it does not measure pressure or the amount of gas.

  3. Grow again after ignition

    At 720°, A’s chamber is growing again and remains clear of the ports. This is the expansion part of the chosen cycle, after the spark cue near 630°. Combustion, gas pressure, and power are not simulated.

  4. Bring the chamber to exhaust

    At 990°, A’s shrinking chamber meets the exhaust opening. Continue through a full 1,080° of shaft travel to bring the marked face back to its starting position. B and C follow the same path at different times.

The main parts

Two-lobed housing
The pinched, two-lobed inner wall follows the calculated apex path. In 3D, show the removed cover to compare its bores with the housing. The open cutaway exposes the chamber depth and ports.
Three faces, three chambers
A, B, and C identify rotor faces, not fixed places. Each curved flank is derived from the housing’s inward envelope, with a small clearance relief between its apices.
Offset shaft journal
The rotor centre rides on a journal offset from the shaft axis. Turn the shaft once: the centre completes one orbit, but the rotor turns only 120°.
Stationary and internal gears
The central gear stays fixed; the larger internal gear travels with the rotor. Their tangent pitch circles constrain the 3:1 shaft-to-rotor motion. Visible teeth are schematic, not validated involute profiles.
Apex seals
The three tips mark ideal sealing paths along the wall. Real engines also need side and corner seals. This model does not calculate seal contact forces or leakage.
Peripheral ports and spark
A chamber is connected when its housing arc overlaps an intake or exhaust opening. That reports a connection, not gas flow direction. The spark marker indicates a chosen ignition moment, not a combustion calculation.

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