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Workshop/5 min exploration

One engine. Two different wheel speeds.

How can one engine drive two wheels that turn at different speeds?

A gearbox sets the speed reaching the driveshaft. The final drive reduces it again and turns the rotation through a right angle. Inside the differential, small pinions allow the left and right wheels to differ while their average speed stays tied to the carrier.

3D model

Explore the model and follow its moving parts.

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In an open differential, the two wheel speeds can differ. Their average still follows the carrier.

The carrier turns at 200 rpm and the left wheel at 260 rpm. What is the right-wheel speed?

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How the parts work together

  1. Start in a straight line

    Play the model with zero cornering split. Both white wheel markers advance together. The pinions orbit without needing to spin relative to the carrier.

  2. Change the gearbox ratio

    Select a 3:1 reduction. With the same engine speed, the driveshaft and both wheels turn more slowly. The final-drive ratio stays at 3:1.

  3. Follow a right turn

    Play this preset. The left wheel runs faster and the right wheel slower. The gold pinions now turn relative to the carrier.

  4. Reverse the turn

    The faster wheel swaps sides. Add the left and right RPM readings and divide by two: the result is still the carrier RPM.

The main parts

Engine input
The orange shaft supplies the rotation. The scene displays a steady input speed, without simulating combustion or engine torque.
Selected gearbox pair
A smaller input gear driving a larger output gear reduces speed. The visible pair changes with the chosen ratio; the rest of a real transmission is omitted.
Driveshaft
Carries rotation from the gearbox toward the rear axle. Its marker makes the change in speed visible.
Final drive and carrier
A fixed 3:1 final reduction drives the carrier around the axle axis. This carrier sets the average of the two wheel speeds.
Differential pinions
These small gears orbit with the carrier. During a turn they also spin on their own axes, permitting unequal output speeds.
Left half-shaft and wheel
During a right turn this wheel travels the longer outside path and turns faster.
Right half-shaft and wheel
During a left turn this wheel travels the longer outside path and turns faster.

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